Allergies are a leading cause of nasal congestion for many individuals. When your body encounters allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or mould, it triggers an immune response. This response leads to the release of histamines, causing inflammation and swelling of the nasal passages, resulting in a stuffy nose, along with other symptoms of allergies such as sneezing and itchy eyes.

The common cold and influenza viruses are notorious for causing nasal congestion. These viral infections target the upper respiratory tract, leading to inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Symptoms typically include a stuffy or runny nose, sore throat, coughing, and general malaise. Reassuringly, in the vast majority of these patients these infections are usually self-limiting.

Sinusitis occurs when the sinuses become inflamed or infected. This can result from viral, bacterial, or fungal causes. Symptoms of sinusitis often include facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, nasal discharge, and reduced sense of smell. Similarly nasal polyps (non-cancerous growths arising from the lining of the nose) can cause nasal blockage. More comprehensive information can be found here.

Structural abnormalities within the nasal cavity can result in obstruction of airflow. The three most common causes include:

A deviated septum, wherein the nasal septum (the midline partition between your nostrils) is displaced, impeding airflow through one or both nostrils.

Enlarged inferior turbinates (small, bony structures arising from the side walls of your nose) covered with soft tissue,

In-drawing (or collapse) of the side walls of the nose, impacting on airflow.

Further details can be found in our specific section on these.